Definition of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor that grows in the
nasopharynx with a predilection in Rossenmuller fossa and roof of the
nasopharynx.
Etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
High incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with eating
behavior, environment and Epstein-Barr virus. Besides geographic
factors, racial, gender, genetics, occupation, habits of life, culture,
socio-economic, bacteria or parasite infections also affect the
likelihood of this tumor.
Signs and Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be divided into 4 sections, which include:
1. Symptoms of nasopharyngeal
Nasopharyngeal Symptoms can be mild epistaxis or nasal obstruction.
2. Disorders of the ear
An early warning because the place of origin of the tumor near the mouth
of the Eustachian tube (Rosenmuller fossa). Disruption resulting from
blockage of the Eustachian tube, such as tinnitus, deafness, ear
discomfort until the pain in the ear.
3. Eye and neurological disorders
Because of the proximity to the cranial cavity, then there is spreading
through the foramen lacerum, which will hit the brain to nerves III, IV,
VI thus encountered diplopia, squint, exoftalmus, and nerves to the V
form of motor and sensory disturbances.
4. Metastasis to the cervical lymph
Namely in the form of lump medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscular that eventually form large masses to the skin shiny.
Nursing Assessment – Nursing Care Plan for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
1. Hereditary factors or a history of cancer in the family eg mother or grandmother with a history of breast cancer.
2. Spheres of influence, such as chemical irritants, smoke a certain kind of wood.
3. The habit of cooking with certain ingredients or spices and eating
foods that are too hot and preserved foods (meat and fish).
4. Low socioeconomic classes will also be related to the environment and living habits.
5. Signs and symptoms:
Activity
Weakness or fatigue. Changes in the patterns of rest; presence of factors that affect sleep such as pain, anxiety.
Circulation
As a result of tumor metastases are palpitations, chest pain, decreased blood pressure, epistaxis / nose bleeding.
Ego integrity
Stress factors, concerns about appearance changes, deny the diagnosis,
feelings of helplessness, loss of control, depression, withdrawal,
anger.
Elimination
Changes in bowel habit constipation or diarrhea, urinary elimination alteration, change of bowel sounds, abdominal distension.
Food / fluid
Poor dietary habits (low fiber, additives, preservatives), anorexia,
nausea / vomiting, mouth dryness, food intolerance, weight changes,
cachexia, changes in humidity / skin turgor.
Neuro-sensory
Headache, tinnitus, deafness, diplopia, squint, eksoftalmus
Pain / comfort
Discomfort in the ear to ear pain (otalgia), stiffness in the neck area due to tissue fibrosis caused by radiation
Breathing
Smoking (tobacco, marijuana, living with someone who smokes), exposure
Security
Exposure to toxic chemicals, carcinogens, exposure to the sun old / redundant, fever, skin rash.
Sexuality
Sexual problems such as the impact of the relationship, changes in the level of satisfaction.
Social interaction
Inadequate / support system weaknesses
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